We know that exercise is good for our body, but there is new research that explains why it is so good for our brain. It turns out that a biological factor underpins the myriad of benefits of exercise: a class of molecules called myokines. Referred to as the “hope molecule,” myokines stimulate healthy changes in the body and improve mental health.

What are Myokines?

Myokines are a group of signaling molecules or cytokines produced and released by muscle cells during muscle contraction or exercise. These molecules act as chemical messengers going all over your body and signaling your organs to get ready to do their job. Certain types of myokines can cross the blood-brain barrier and go directly to brain regions responsible for regulating your mood and facilitating learning and memory. They also do a lot of brain-boosting, including helping your brain form new neurons, make new connections, and increase your executive function, memory, and mood.

Additionally, myokines have various functions and regulate metabolic processes, inflammation, and overall health. Myokines have gained attention recently and are being studied for their potential role in combating obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, they are believed to contribute to the overall health benefits of regular exercise, including improvements in insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular health, and brain function.

Additional Benefits:

Anti-inflammatory effects: Myokines have anti-inflammatory properties, and they can help reduce systemic inflammation and promote overall immune system function. Chronic inflammation is linked to several health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer, so the anti-inflammatory effects of myokines can be beneficial.
Metabolic regulation: Myokines can influence metabolism and energy expenditure. Some myokines have been shown to increase fat burning and improve glucose homeostasis. By promoting healthy metabolic processes, myokines can help prevent or manage metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Muscle growth and repair: Myokines play a role in muscle growth and repair, and they can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and promote the development of new muscle tissue. Myostatin, a myokine that inhibits muscle growth, can be downregulated by exercise, allowing for increased muscle mass and strength.
Aids learning and memory. For example, it upregulates the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor myokine, which has been identified as a critical factor in controlling body mass, energy homeostasis, and cognitive function.
Brain health and cognition: Certain myokines, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factors, can positively affect brain health and cognitive function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes the growth and survival of neurons and supports the formation of new synapses, enhancing learning, memory, and overall brain function.
Mood and mental well-being: Exercise-induced myokines have improved mood and mental well-being. These myokines can help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, enhance stress resilience, and promote a sense of well-being and overall psychological health.
Cardiovascular health: Myokines can have positive effects on cardiovascular health, and they can improve blood vessel function, enhance blood flow, and regulate blood pressure. Myokines may also play a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease and stroke.

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